diff --git a/ChangeLog.d/fix-mingw32-build.txt b/ChangeLog.d/fix-mingw32-build.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..feef0a2c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ChangeLog.d/fix-mingw32-build.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Bugfix
+  * Fix an inconsistency between implementations and usages of `__cpuid`,
+    which mainly causes failures when building Windows target using
+    mingw or clang. Fixes #8334 & #8332.
diff --git a/library/aesni.c b/library/aesni.c
index 5f25a8249..b90e7f9a3 100644
--- a/library/aesni.c
+++ b/library/aesni.c
@@ -33,10 +33,12 @@
 #if defined(MBEDTLS_AESNI_HAVE_CODE)
 
 #if MBEDTLS_AESNI_HAVE_CODE == 2
-#if !defined(_WIN32)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
 #include <cpuid.h>
-#else
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
 #include <intrin.h>
+#else
+#error "`__cpuid` required by MBEDTLS_AESNI_C is not supported by the compiler"
 #endif
 #include <immintrin.h>
 #endif
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ int mbedtls_aesni_has_support(unsigned int what)
 
     if (!done) {
 #if MBEDTLS_AESNI_HAVE_CODE == 2
-        static unsigned info[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+        static int info[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
 #if defined(_MSC_VER)
         __cpuid(info, 1);
 #else
diff --git a/tests/scripts/all.sh b/tests/scripts/all.sh
index 17f894a7b..84146f826 100755
--- a/tests/scripts/all.sh
+++ b/tests/scripts/all.sh
@@ -4689,7 +4689,7 @@ component_test_m32_o0 () {
     # build) and not the i386-specific inline assembly.
     msg "build: i386, make, gcc -O0 (ASan build)" # ~ 30s
     scripts/config.py full
-    scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_AESNI_C # AESNI depends on cpu modifiers
+    scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_AESNI_C # AESNI for 32-bit is tested in test_aesni_m32
     make CC=gcc CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -m32 -O0" LDFLAGS="-m32 $ASAN_CFLAGS"
 
     msg "test: i386, make, gcc -O0 (ASan build)"
@@ -4707,7 +4707,7 @@ component_test_m32_o2 () {
     # and go faster for tests.
     msg "build: i386, make, gcc -O2 (ASan build)" # ~ 30s
     scripts/config.py full
-    scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_AESNI_C # AESNI depends on cpu modifiers
+    scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_AESNI_C # AESNI for 32-bit is tested in test_aesni_m32
     make CC=gcc CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -m32 -O2" LDFLAGS="-m32 $ASAN_CFLAGS"
 
     msg "test: i386, make, gcc -O2 (ASan build)"
@@ -4723,7 +4723,7 @@ support_test_m32_o2 () {
 component_test_m32_everest () {
     msg "build: i386, Everest ECDH context (ASan build)" # ~ 6 min
     scripts/config.py set MBEDTLS_ECDH_VARIANT_EVEREST_ENABLED
-    scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_AESNI_C # AESNI depends on cpu modifiers
+    scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_AESNI_C # AESNI for 32-bit is tested in test_aesni_m32
     make CC=gcc CFLAGS="$ASAN_CFLAGS -m32 -O2" LDFLAGS="-m32 $ASAN_CFLAGS"
 
     msg "test: i386, Everest ECDH context - main suites (inc. selftests) (ASan build)" # ~ 50s
@@ -5177,16 +5177,20 @@ component_test_tls13_only_record_size_limit () {
 
 component_build_mingw () {
     msg "build: Windows cross build - mingw64, make (Link Library)" # ~ 30s
-    scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_AESNI_C # AESNI depends on cpu modifiers
-    make CC=i686-w64-mingw32-gcc AR=i686-w64-mingw32-ar LD=i686-w64-minggw32-ld CFLAGS='-Werror -Wall -Wextra' WINDOWS_BUILD=1 lib programs
+    make CC=i686-w64-mingw32-gcc AR=i686-w64-mingw32-ar LD=i686-w64-minggw32-ld CFLAGS='-Werror -Wall -Wextra -maes -msse2 -mpclmul' WINDOWS_BUILD=1 lib programs
 
     # note Make tests only builds the tests, but doesn't run them
-    make CC=i686-w64-mingw32-gcc AR=i686-w64-mingw32-ar LD=i686-w64-minggw32-ld CFLAGS='-Werror' WINDOWS_BUILD=1 tests
+    make CC=i686-w64-mingw32-gcc AR=i686-w64-mingw32-ar LD=i686-w64-minggw32-ld CFLAGS='-Werror -maes -msse2 -mpclmul' WINDOWS_BUILD=1 tests
     make WINDOWS_BUILD=1 clean
 
     msg "build: Windows cross build - mingw64, make (DLL)" # ~ 30s
-    make CC=i686-w64-mingw32-gcc AR=i686-w64-mingw32-ar LD=i686-w64-minggw32-ld CFLAGS='-Werror -Wall -Wextra' WINDOWS_BUILD=1 SHARED=1 lib programs
-    make CC=i686-w64-mingw32-gcc AR=i686-w64-mingw32-ar LD=i686-w64-minggw32-ld CFLAGS='-Werror -Wall -Wextra' WINDOWS_BUILD=1 SHARED=1 tests
+    make CC=i686-w64-mingw32-gcc AR=i686-w64-mingw32-ar LD=i686-w64-minggw32-ld CFLAGS='-Werror -Wall -Wextra -maes -msse2 -mpclmul' WINDOWS_BUILD=1 SHARED=1 lib programs
+    make CC=i686-w64-mingw32-gcc AR=i686-w64-mingw32-ar LD=i686-w64-minggw32-ld CFLAGS='-Werror -Wall -Wextra -maes -msse2 -mpclmul' WINDOWS_BUILD=1 SHARED=1 tests
+    make WINDOWS_BUILD=1 clean
+
+    msg "build: Windows cross build - mingw64, make (Library only, default config without MBEDTLS_AESNI_C)" # ~ 30s
+    ./scripts/config.py unset MBEDTLS_AESNI_C #
+    make CC=i686-w64-mingw32-gcc AR=i686-w64-mingw32-ar LD=i686-w64-minggw32-ld CFLAGS='-Werror -Wall -Wextra' WINDOWS_BUILD=1 lib
     make WINDOWS_BUILD=1 clean
 }
 support_build_mingw() {