Merge pull request #1545 from ViezeVingertjes/kiss-modem-firmware

Add KISS-like Modem example and protocol documentation
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ripplebiz 2026-02-03 12:33:19 +11:00 committed by GitHub
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#include "KissModem.h"
#include <CayenneLPP.h>
KissModem::KissModem(Stream& serial, mesh::LocalIdentity& identity, mesh::RNG& rng,
mesh::Radio& radio, mesh::MainBoard& board, SensorManager& sensors)
: _serial(serial), _identity(identity), _rng(rng), _radio(radio), _board(board), _sensors(sensors) {
_rx_len = 0;
_rx_escaped = false;
_rx_active = false;
_has_pending_tx = false;
_pending_tx_len = 0;
_setRadioCallback = nullptr;
_setTxPowerCallback = nullptr;
_getCurrentRssiCallback = nullptr;
_getStatsCallback = nullptr;
_config = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
}
void KissModem::begin() {
_rx_len = 0;
_rx_escaped = false;
_rx_active = false;
_has_pending_tx = false;
}
void KissModem::writeByte(uint8_t b) {
if (b == KISS_FEND) {
_serial.write(KISS_FESC);
_serial.write(KISS_TFEND);
} else if (b == KISS_FESC) {
_serial.write(KISS_FESC);
_serial.write(KISS_TFESC);
} else {
_serial.write(b);
}
}
void KissModem::writeFrame(uint8_t cmd, const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len) {
_serial.write(KISS_FEND);
writeByte(cmd);
for (uint16_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
writeByte(data[i]);
}
_serial.write(KISS_FEND);
}
void KissModem::writeErrorFrame(uint8_t error_code) {
writeFrame(RESP_ERROR, &error_code, 1);
}
void KissModem::loop() {
while (_serial.available()) {
uint8_t b = _serial.read();
if (b == KISS_FEND) {
if (_rx_active && _rx_len > 0) {
processFrame();
}
_rx_len = 0;
_rx_escaped = false;
_rx_active = true;
continue;
}
if (!_rx_active) continue;
if (b == KISS_FESC) {
_rx_escaped = true;
continue;
}
if (_rx_escaped) {
_rx_escaped = false;
if (b == KISS_TFEND) b = KISS_FEND;
else if (b == KISS_TFESC) b = KISS_FESC;
}
if (_rx_len < KISS_MAX_FRAME_SIZE) {
_rx_buf[_rx_len++] = b;
}
}
}
void KissModem::processFrame() {
if (_rx_len < 1) return;
uint8_t cmd = _rx_buf[0];
const uint8_t* data = &_rx_buf[1];
uint16_t data_len = _rx_len - 1;
switch (cmd) {
case CMD_DATA:
if (data_len < 2) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_INVALID_LENGTH);
} else if (data_len > KISS_MAX_PACKET_SIZE) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_INVALID_LENGTH);
} else if (_has_pending_tx) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_TX_PENDING);
} else {
memcpy(_pending_tx, data, data_len);
_pending_tx_len = data_len;
_has_pending_tx = true;
}
break;
case CMD_GET_IDENTITY:
handleGetIdentity();
break;
case CMD_GET_RANDOM:
handleGetRandom(data, data_len);
break;
case CMD_VERIFY_SIGNATURE:
handleVerifySignature(data, data_len);
break;
case CMD_SIGN_DATA:
handleSignData(data, data_len);
break;
case CMD_ENCRYPT_DATA:
handleEncryptData(data, data_len);
break;
case CMD_DECRYPT_DATA:
handleDecryptData(data, data_len);
break;
case CMD_KEY_EXCHANGE:
handleKeyExchange(data, data_len);
break;
case CMD_HASH:
handleHash(data, data_len);
break;
case CMD_SET_RADIO:
handleSetRadio(data, data_len);
break;
case CMD_SET_TX_POWER:
handleSetTxPower(data, data_len);
break;
case CMD_GET_RADIO:
handleGetRadio();
break;
case CMD_GET_TX_POWER:
handleGetTxPower();
break;
case CMD_GET_VERSION:
handleGetVersion();
break;
case CMD_GET_CURRENT_RSSI:
handleGetCurrentRssi();
break;
case CMD_IS_CHANNEL_BUSY:
handleIsChannelBusy();
break;
case CMD_GET_AIRTIME:
handleGetAirtime(data, data_len);
break;
case CMD_GET_NOISE_FLOOR:
handleGetNoiseFloor();
break;
case CMD_GET_STATS:
handleGetStats();
break;
case CMD_GET_BATTERY:
handleGetBattery();
break;
case CMD_PING:
handlePing();
break;
case CMD_GET_SENSORS:
handleGetSensors(data, data_len);
break;
default:
writeErrorFrame(ERR_UNKNOWN_CMD);
break;
}
}
void KissModem::handleGetIdentity() {
writeFrame(RESP_IDENTITY, _identity.pub_key, PUB_KEY_SIZE);
}
void KissModem::handleGetRandom(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len) {
if (len < 1) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_INVALID_LENGTH);
return;
}
uint8_t requested = data[0];
if (requested < 1 || requested > 64) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_INVALID_PARAM);
return;
}
uint8_t buf[64];
_rng.random(buf, requested);
writeFrame(RESP_RANDOM, buf, requested);
}
void KissModem::handleVerifySignature(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len) {
if (len < PUB_KEY_SIZE + SIGNATURE_SIZE + 1) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_INVALID_LENGTH);
return;
}
mesh::Identity signer(data);
const uint8_t* signature = data + PUB_KEY_SIZE;
const uint8_t* msg = data + PUB_KEY_SIZE + SIGNATURE_SIZE;
uint16_t msg_len = len - PUB_KEY_SIZE - SIGNATURE_SIZE;
uint8_t result = signer.verify(signature, msg, msg_len) ? 0x01 : 0x00;
writeFrame(RESP_VERIFY, &result, 1);
}
void KissModem::handleSignData(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len) {
if (len < 1) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_INVALID_LENGTH);
return;
}
uint8_t signature[SIGNATURE_SIZE];
_identity.sign(signature, data, len);
writeFrame(RESP_SIGNATURE, signature, SIGNATURE_SIZE);
}
void KissModem::handleEncryptData(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len) {
if (len < PUB_KEY_SIZE + 1) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_INVALID_LENGTH);
return;
}
const uint8_t* key = data;
const uint8_t* plaintext = data + PUB_KEY_SIZE;
uint16_t plaintext_len = len - PUB_KEY_SIZE;
uint8_t buf[KISS_MAX_FRAME_SIZE];
int encrypted_len = mesh::Utils::encryptThenMAC(key, buf, plaintext, plaintext_len);
if (encrypted_len > 0) {
writeFrame(RESP_ENCRYPTED, buf, encrypted_len);
} else {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_ENCRYPT_FAILED);
}
}
void KissModem::handleDecryptData(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len) {
if (len < PUB_KEY_SIZE + CIPHER_MAC_SIZE + 1) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_INVALID_LENGTH);
return;
}
const uint8_t* key = data;
const uint8_t* ciphertext = data + PUB_KEY_SIZE;
uint16_t ciphertext_len = len - PUB_KEY_SIZE;
uint8_t buf[KISS_MAX_FRAME_SIZE];
int decrypted_len = mesh::Utils::MACThenDecrypt(key, buf, ciphertext, ciphertext_len);
if (decrypted_len > 0) {
writeFrame(RESP_DECRYPTED, buf, decrypted_len);
} else {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_MAC_FAILED);
}
}
void KissModem::handleKeyExchange(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len) {
if (len < PUB_KEY_SIZE) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_INVALID_LENGTH);
return;
}
uint8_t shared_secret[PUB_KEY_SIZE];
_identity.calcSharedSecret(shared_secret, data);
writeFrame(RESP_SHARED_SECRET, shared_secret, PUB_KEY_SIZE);
}
void KissModem::handleHash(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len) {
if (len < 1) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_INVALID_LENGTH);
return;
}
uint8_t hash[32];
mesh::Utils::sha256(hash, 32, data, len);
writeFrame(RESP_HASH, hash, 32);
}
bool KissModem::getPacketToSend(uint8_t* packet, uint16_t* len) {
if (!_has_pending_tx) return false;
memcpy(packet, _pending_tx, _pending_tx_len);
*len = _pending_tx_len;
_has_pending_tx = false;
return true;
}
void KissModem::onPacketReceived(int8_t snr, int8_t rssi, const uint8_t* packet, uint16_t len) {
uint8_t buf[2 + KISS_MAX_PACKET_SIZE];
buf[0] = (uint8_t)snr;
buf[1] = (uint8_t)rssi;
memcpy(&buf[2], packet, len);
writeFrame(CMD_DATA, buf, 2 + len);
}
void KissModem::handleSetRadio(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len) {
if (len < 10) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_INVALID_LENGTH);
return;
}
if (!_setRadioCallback) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_NO_CALLBACK);
return;
}
uint32_t freq_hz, bw_hz;
memcpy(&freq_hz, data, 4);
memcpy(&bw_hz, data + 4, 4);
uint8_t sf = data[8];
uint8_t cr = data[9];
_config.freq_hz = freq_hz;
_config.bw_hz = bw_hz;
_config.sf = sf;
_config.cr = cr;
float freq = freq_hz / 1000000.0f;
float bw = bw_hz / 1000.0f;
_setRadioCallback(freq, bw, sf, cr);
writeFrame(RESP_OK, nullptr, 0);
}
void KissModem::handleSetTxPower(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len) {
if (len < 1) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_INVALID_LENGTH);
return;
}
if (!_setTxPowerCallback) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_NO_CALLBACK);
return;
}
_config.tx_power = data[0];
_setTxPowerCallback(data[0]);
writeFrame(RESP_OK, nullptr, 0);
}
void KissModem::handleGetRadio() {
uint8_t buf[10];
memcpy(buf, &_config.freq_hz, 4);
memcpy(buf + 4, &_config.bw_hz, 4);
buf[8] = _config.sf;
buf[9] = _config.cr;
writeFrame(RESP_RADIO, buf, 10);
}
void KissModem::handleGetTxPower() {
writeFrame(RESP_TX_POWER, &_config.tx_power, 1);
}
void KissModem::handleGetVersion() {
uint8_t buf[2];
buf[0] = KISS_FIRMWARE_VERSION;
buf[1] = 0;
writeFrame(RESP_VERSION, buf, 2);
}
void KissModem::onTxComplete(bool success) {
uint8_t result = success ? 0x01 : 0x00;
writeFrame(RESP_TX_DONE, &result, 1);
}
void KissModem::handleGetCurrentRssi() {
if (!_getCurrentRssiCallback) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_NO_CALLBACK);
return;
}
float rssi = _getCurrentRssiCallback();
int8_t rssi_byte = (int8_t)rssi;
writeFrame(RESP_CURRENT_RSSI, (uint8_t*)&rssi_byte, 1);
}
void KissModem::handleIsChannelBusy() {
uint8_t busy = _radio.isReceiving() ? 0x01 : 0x00;
writeFrame(RESP_CHANNEL_BUSY, &busy, 1);
}
void KissModem::handleGetAirtime(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len) {
if (len < 1) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_INVALID_LENGTH);
return;
}
uint8_t packet_len = data[0];
uint32_t airtime = _radio.getEstAirtimeFor(packet_len);
writeFrame(RESP_AIRTIME, (uint8_t*)&airtime, 4);
}
void KissModem::handleGetNoiseFloor() {
int16_t noise_floor = _radio.getNoiseFloor();
writeFrame(RESP_NOISE_FLOOR, (uint8_t*)&noise_floor, 2);
}
void KissModem::handleGetStats() {
if (!_getStatsCallback) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_NO_CALLBACK);
return;
}
uint32_t rx, tx, errors;
_getStatsCallback(&rx, &tx, &errors);
uint8_t buf[12];
memcpy(buf, &rx, 4);
memcpy(buf + 4, &tx, 4);
memcpy(buf + 8, &errors, 4);
writeFrame(RESP_STATS, buf, 12);
}
void KissModem::handleGetBattery() {
uint16_t mv = _board.getBattMilliVolts();
writeFrame(RESP_BATTERY, (uint8_t*)&mv, 2);
}
void KissModem::handlePing() {
writeFrame(RESP_PONG, nullptr, 0);
}
void KissModem::handleGetSensors(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len) {
if (len < 1) {
writeErrorFrame(ERR_INVALID_LENGTH);
return;
}
uint8_t permissions = data[0];
CayenneLPP telemetry(255);
if (_sensors.querySensors(permissions, telemetry)) {
writeFrame(RESP_SENSORS, telemetry.getBuffer(), telemetry.getSize());
} else {
writeFrame(RESP_SENSORS, nullptr, 0);
}
}

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#pragma once
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <Identity.h>
#include <Utils.h>
#include <Mesh.h>
#include <helpers/SensorManager.h>
#define KISS_FEND 0xC0
#define KISS_FESC 0xDB
#define KISS_TFEND 0xDC
#define KISS_TFESC 0xDD
#define KISS_MAX_FRAME_SIZE 512
#define KISS_MAX_PACKET_SIZE 255
#define CMD_DATA 0x00
#define CMD_GET_IDENTITY 0x01
#define CMD_GET_RANDOM 0x02
#define CMD_VERIFY_SIGNATURE 0x03
#define CMD_SIGN_DATA 0x04
#define CMD_ENCRYPT_DATA 0x05
#define CMD_DECRYPT_DATA 0x06
#define CMD_KEY_EXCHANGE 0x07
#define CMD_HASH 0x08
#define CMD_SET_RADIO 0x09
#define CMD_SET_TX_POWER 0x0A
#define CMD_GET_RADIO 0x0C
#define CMD_GET_TX_POWER 0x0D
#define CMD_GET_VERSION 0x0F
#define CMD_GET_CURRENT_RSSI 0x10
#define CMD_IS_CHANNEL_BUSY 0x11
#define CMD_GET_AIRTIME 0x12
#define CMD_GET_NOISE_FLOOR 0x13
#define CMD_GET_STATS 0x14
#define CMD_GET_BATTERY 0x15
#define CMD_PING 0x16
#define CMD_GET_SENSORS 0x17
#define RESP_IDENTITY 0x21
#define RESP_RANDOM 0x22
#define RESP_VERIFY 0x23
#define RESP_SIGNATURE 0x24
#define RESP_ENCRYPTED 0x25
#define RESP_DECRYPTED 0x26
#define RESP_SHARED_SECRET 0x27
#define RESP_HASH 0x28
#define RESP_OK 0x29
#define RESP_RADIO 0x2A
#define RESP_TX_POWER 0x2B
#define RESP_VERSION 0x2D
#define RESP_ERROR 0x2E
#define RESP_TX_DONE 0x2F
#define RESP_CURRENT_RSSI 0x30
#define RESP_CHANNEL_BUSY 0x31
#define RESP_AIRTIME 0x32
#define RESP_NOISE_FLOOR 0x33
#define RESP_STATS 0x34
#define RESP_BATTERY 0x35
#define RESP_PONG 0x36
#define RESP_SENSORS 0x37
#define ERR_INVALID_LENGTH 0x01
#define ERR_INVALID_PARAM 0x02
#define ERR_NO_CALLBACK 0x03
#define ERR_MAC_FAILED 0x04
#define ERR_UNKNOWN_CMD 0x05
#define ERR_ENCRYPT_FAILED 0x06
#define ERR_TX_PENDING 0x07
#define KISS_FIRMWARE_VERSION 1
typedef void (*SetRadioCallback)(float freq, float bw, uint8_t sf, uint8_t cr);
typedef void (*SetTxPowerCallback)(uint8_t power);
typedef float (*GetCurrentRssiCallback)();
typedef void (*GetStatsCallback)(uint32_t* rx, uint32_t* tx, uint32_t* errors);
struct RadioConfig {
uint32_t freq_hz;
uint32_t bw_hz;
uint8_t sf;
uint8_t cr;
uint8_t tx_power;
};
class KissModem {
Stream& _serial;
mesh::LocalIdentity& _identity;
mesh::RNG& _rng;
mesh::Radio& _radio;
mesh::MainBoard& _board;
SensorManager& _sensors;
uint8_t _rx_buf[KISS_MAX_FRAME_SIZE];
uint16_t _rx_len;
bool _rx_escaped;
bool _rx_active;
uint8_t _pending_tx[KISS_MAX_PACKET_SIZE];
uint16_t _pending_tx_len;
bool _has_pending_tx;
SetRadioCallback _setRadioCallback;
SetTxPowerCallback _setTxPowerCallback;
GetCurrentRssiCallback _getCurrentRssiCallback;
GetStatsCallback _getStatsCallback;
RadioConfig _config;
void writeByte(uint8_t b);
void writeFrame(uint8_t cmd, const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len);
void writeErrorFrame(uint8_t error_code);
void processFrame();
void handleGetIdentity();
void handleGetRandom(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len);
void handleVerifySignature(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len);
void handleSignData(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len);
void handleEncryptData(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len);
void handleDecryptData(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len);
void handleKeyExchange(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len);
void handleHash(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len);
void handleSetRadio(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len);
void handleSetTxPower(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len);
void handleGetRadio();
void handleGetTxPower();
void handleGetVersion();
void handleGetCurrentRssi();
void handleIsChannelBusy();
void handleGetAirtime(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len);
void handleGetNoiseFloor();
void handleGetStats();
void handleGetBattery();
void handlePing();
void handleGetSensors(const uint8_t* data, uint16_t len);
public:
KissModem(Stream& serial, mesh::LocalIdentity& identity, mesh::RNG& rng,
mesh::Radio& radio, mesh::MainBoard& board, SensorManager& sensors);
void begin();
void loop();
void setRadioCallback(SetRadioCallback cb) { _setRadioCallback = cb; }
void setTxPowerCallback(SetTxPowerCallback cb) { _setTxPowerCallback = cb; }
void setGetCurrentRssiCallback(GetCurrentRssiCallback cb) { _getCurrentRssiCallback = cb; }
void setGetStatsCallback(GetStatsCallback cb) { _getStatsCallback = cb; }
bool getPacketToSend(uint8_t* packet, uint16_t* len);
void onPacketReceived(int8_t snr, int8_t rssi, const uint8_t* packet, uint16_t len);
void onTxComplete(bool success);
};

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#include <Arduino.h>
#include <target.h>
#include <helpers/ArduinoHelpers.h>
#include <helpers/IdentityStore.h>
#include "KissModem.h"
#if defined(NRF52_PLATFORM)
#include <InternalFileSystem.h>
#elif defined(RP2040_PLATFORM)
#include <LittleFS.h>
#elif defined(ESP32)
#include <SPIFFS.h>
#endif
StdRNG rng;
mesh::LocalIdentity identity;
KissModem* modem;
void halt() {
while (1) ;
}
void loadOrCreateIdentity() {
#if defined(NRF52_PLATFORM)
InternalFS.begin();
IdentityStore store(InternalFS, "");
#elif defined(ESP32)
SPIFFS.begin(true);
IdentityStore store(SPIFFS, "/identity");
#elif defined(RP2040_PLATFORM)
LittleFS.begin();
IdentityStore store(LittleFS, "/identity");
store.begin();
#else
#error "Filesystem not defined"
#endif
if (!store.load("_main", identity)) {
identity = radio_new_identity();
while (identity.pub_key[0] == 0x00 || identity.pub_key[0] == 0xFF) {
identity = radio_new_identity();
}
store.save("_main", identity);
}
}
void onSetRadio(float freq, float bw, uint8_t sf, uint8_t cr) {
radio_set_params(freq, bw, sf, cr);
}
void onSetTxPower(uint8_t power) {
radio_set_tx_power(power);
}
float onGetCurrentRssi() {
return radio_driver.getCurrentRSSI();
}
void onGetStats(uint32_t* rx, uint32_t* tx, uint32_t* errors) {
*rx = radio_driver.getPacketsRecv();
*tx = radio_driver.getPacketsSent();
*errors = radio_driver.getPacketsRecvErrors();
}
void setup() {
board.begin();
if (!radio_init()) {
halt();
}
radio_driver.begin();
rng.begin(radio_get_rng_seed());
loadOrCreateIdentity();
Serial.begin(115200);
uint32_t start = millis();
while (!Serial && millis() - start < 3000) delay(10);
delay(100);
sensors.begin();
modem = new KissModem(Serial, identity, rng, radio_driver, board, sensors);
modem->setRadioCallback(onSetRadio);
modem->setTxPowerCallback(onSetTxPower);
modem->setGetCurrentRssiCallback(onGetCurrentRssi);
modem->setGetStatsCallback(onGetStats);
modem->begin();
}
void loop() {
modem->loop();
uint8_t packet[KISS_MAX_PACKET_SIZE];
uint16_t len;
if (modem->getPacketToSend(packet, &len)) {
radio_driver.startSendRaw(packet, len);
while (!radio_driver.isSendComplete()) {
delay(1);
}
radio_driver.onSendFinished();
modem->onTxComplete(true);
}
uint8_t rx_buf[256];
int rx_len = radio_driver.recvRaw(rx_buf, sizeof(rx_buf));
if (rx_len > 0) {
int8_t snr = (int8_t)(radio_driver.getLastSNR() * 4);
int8_t rssi = (int8_t)radio_driver.getLastRSSI();
modem->onPacketReceived(snr, rssi, rx_buf, rx_len);
}
radio_driver.loop();
}