Initial commit

vscode/Chapter05/PeopleApp/Program.cs

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+using Packt.Shared;
+
+Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = 
+  System.Globalization.CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-GB");
+
+// Person bob = new Person(); // C# 1.0 or later
+// var bob = new Person(); // C# 3.0 or later
+
+Person bob = new(); // C# 9.0 or later
+WriteLine(bob.ToString());
+
+bob.Name = "Bob Smith";
+bob.DateOfBirth = new DateTime(1965, 12, 22); // C# 1.0 or later
+
+WriteLine(format: "{0} was born on {1:dddd, d MMMM yyyy}",
+  arg0: bob.Name,
+  arg1: bob.DateOfBirth);
+
+Person alice = new()
+{
+  Name = "Alice Jones",
+  DateOfBirth = new(1998, 3, 7) // C# 9.0 or later
+};
+
+WriteLine(format: "{0} was born on {1:dd MMM yy}",
+  arg0: alice.Name,
+  arg1: alice.DateOfBirth);
+
+bob.FavoriteAncientWonder = WondersOfTheAncientWorld.StatueOfZeusAtOlympia;
+
+WriteLine(
+  format: "{0}'s favorite wonder is {1}. Its integer is {2}.",
+  arg0: bob.Name,
+  arg1: bob.FavoriteAncientWonder,
+  arg2: (int)bob.FavoriteAncientWonder);
+
+bob.BucketList =
+  WondersOfTheAncientWorld.HangingGardensOfBabylon
+  | WondersOfTheAncientWorld.MausoleumAtHalicarnassus;
+
+// bob.BucketList = (WondersOfTheAncientWorld)18;
+
+WriteLine($"{bob.Name}'s bucket list is {bob.BucketList}");
+
+bob.Children.Add(new Person { Name = "Alfred" }); // C# 3.0 and later
+bob.Children.Add(new() { Name = "Zoe" }); // C# 9.0 and later
+
+WriteLine($"{bob.Name} has {bob.Children.Count} children:");
+
+for (int childIndex = 0; childIndex < bob.Children.Count; childIndex++)
+{
+  WriteLine($"> {bob.Children[childIndex].Name}");
+}
+
+/*
+foreach (Person child in bob.Children)
+{
+  WriteLine($"> {child.Name}");
+}
+*/
+
+BankAccount.InterestRate = 0.012M; // store a shared value
+
+BankAccount jonesAccount = new();
+jonesAccount.AccountName = "Mrs. Jones";
+jonesAccount.Balance = 2400;
+WriteLine(format: "{0} earned {1:C} interest.",
+  arg0: jonesAccount.AccountName,
+  arg1: jonesAccount.Balance * BankAccount.InterestRate);
+
+BankAccount gerrierAccount = new();
+gerrierAccount.AccountName = "Ms. Gerrier";
+gerrierAccount.Balance = 98;
+WriteLine(format: "{0} earned {1:C} interest.",
+  arg0: gerrierAccount.AccountName,
+  arg1: gerrierAccount.Balance * BankAccount.InterestRate);
+
+WriteLine($"{bob.Name} is a {Person.Species}");
+
+WriteLine($"{bob.Name} was born on {bob.HomePlanet}");
+
+Person blankPerson = new();
+
+WriteLine(format:
+  "{0} of {1} was created at {2:hh:mm:ss} on a {2:dddd}.",
+  arg0: blankPerson.Name,
+  arg1: blankPerson.HomePlanet,
+  arg2: blankPerson.Instantiated);
+
+Person gunny = new(initialName: "Gunny", homePlanet: "Mars");
+
+WriteLine(format:
+  "{0} of {1} was created at {2:hh:mm:ss} on a {2:dddd}.",
+  arg0: gunny.Name,
+  arg1: gunny.HomePlanet,
+  arg2: gunny.Instantiated);
+
+bob.WriteToConsole();
+WriteLine(bob.GetOrigin());
+
+(string, int) fruit = bob.GetFruit();
+WriteLine($"{fruit.Item1}, {fruit.Item2} there are.");
+
+var fruitNamed = bob.GetNamedFruit();
+WriteLine($"There are {fruitNamed.Number} {fruitNamed.Name}.");
+
+var thing1 = ("Neville", 4);
+WriteLine($"{thing1.Item1} has {thing1.Item2} children.");
+
+var thing2 = (bob.Name, bob.Children.Count);
+WriteLine($"{thing2.Name} has {thing2.Count} children.");
+
+(string fruitName, int fruitNumber) = bob.GetFruit();
+WriteLine($"Deconstructed: {fruitName}, {fruitNumber}");
+
+// Deconstructing a Person
+var (name1, dob1) = bob;
+WriteLine($"Deconstructed: {name1}, {dob1}");
+
+var (name2, dob2, fav2) = bob;
+WriteLine($"Deconstructed: {name2}, {dob2}, {fav2}");
+
+WriteLine(bob.SayHello());
+WriteLine(bob.SayHello("Emily"));
+
+WriteLine(bob.OptionalParameters());
+
+WriteLine(bob.OptionalParameters("Jump!", 98.5));
+
+WriteLine(bob.OptionalParameters(number: 52.7, command: "Hide!"));
+
+WriteLine(bob.OptionalParameters("Poke!", active: false));
+
+int a = 10;
+int b = 20;
+int c = 30;
+WriteLine($"Before: a = {a}, b = {b}, c = {c}");
+bob.PassingParameters(a, ref b, out c);
+WriteLine($"After: a = {a}, b = {b}, c = {c}");
+
+int d = 10;
+int e = 20;
+WriteLine($"Before: d = {d}, e = {e}, f doesn't exist yet!");
+
+// simplified C# 7.0 or later syntax for the out parameter 
+bob.PassingParameters(d, ref e, out int f);
+WriteLine($"After: d = {d}, e = {e}, f = {f}");
+
+Person sam = new()
+{
+  Name = "Sam",
+  DateOfBirth = new(1969, 6, 25)
+};
+
+WriteLine(sam.Origin);
+WriteLine(sam.Greeting);
+WriteLine(sam.Age);
+
+sam.FavoriteIceCream = "Chocolate Fudge";
+WriteLine($"Sam's favorite ice-cream flavor is {sam.FavoriteIceCream}.");
+sam.FavoritePrimaryColor = "Red";
+WriteLine($"Sam's favorite primary color is {sam.FavoritePrimaryColor}.");
+
+Book book = new();
+book.Title = "C# 11 and .NET 7 - Modern Cross-Platform Development";
+
+sam.Children.Add(new() { Name = "Charlie", DateOfBirth = new(2010, 3, 18) });
+sam.Children.Add(new() { Name = "Ella", DateOfBirth = new(2020, 12, 24) });
+
+// get using Children list
+WriteLine($"Sam's first child is {sam.Children[0].Name}.");
+WriteLine($"Sam's second child is {sam.Children[1].Name}.");
+
+// get using integer position indexer
+WriteLine($"Sam's first child is {sam[0].Name}.");
+WriteLine($"Sam's second child is {sam[1].Name}.");
+
+// get using name indexer
+WriteLine($"Sam's child named Ella is {sam["Ella"].Age} years old.");
+
+// Implementing functionality using methods
+
+Person lamech = new() { Name = "Lamech" };
+Person adah = new() { Name = "Adah" };
+Person zillah = new() { Name = "Zillah" };
+
+lamech.Marry(adah);
+// Person.Marry(zillah, lamech);
+if (zillah + lamech)
+{
+  WriteLine($"{zillah.Name} and {lamech.Name} successfully got married.");
+}
+
+WriteLine($"{lamech.Name} is married to {lamech.Spouse?.Name ?? "nobody"}");
+WriteLine($"{adah.Name} is married to {adah.Spouse?.Name ?? "nobody"}");
+WriteLine($"{zillah.Name} is married to {zillah.Spouse?.Name ?? "nobody"}");
+
+// call instance method
+Person baby1 = lamech.ProcreateWith(adah);
+baby1.Name = "Jabal";
+WriteLine($"{baby1.Name} was born on {baby1.DateOfBirth}");
+
+// call static method
+Person baby2 = Person.Procreate(zillah, lamech);
+baby2.Name = "Tubalcain";
+
+// use operator to "multiply"
+Person baby3 = lamech * adah;
+baby3.Name = "Jubal";
+
+Person baby4 = zillah * lamech;
+baby4.Name = "Naamah";
+
+WriteLine($"{lamech.Name} has {lamech.Children.Count} children.");
+WriteLine($"{adah.Name} has {adah.Children.Count} children.");
+WriteLine($"{zillah.Name} has {zillah.Children.Count} children.");
+
+for (int i = 0; i < lamech.Children.Count; i++)
+{
+  WriteLine(format: "{0}'s child #{1} is named \"{2}\".",
+    arg0: lamech.Name, arg1: i, arg2: lamech[i].Name);
+}
+
+// Implementing functionality using local functions
+
+WriteLine($"5! is {Person.Factorial(5)}");
+
+// Pattern matching with objects
+
+object[] passengers = {
+  new FirstClassPassenger { AirMiles = 1_419 },
+  new FirstClassPassenger { AirMiles = 16_562 },
+  new BusinessClassPassenger(),
+  new CoachClassPassenger { CarryOnKG = 25.7 },
+  new CoachClassPassenger { CarryOnKG = 0 },
+};
+
+foreach (object passenger in passengers)
+{
+  decimal flightCost = passenger switch
+  {
+    /* C# 8 syntax
+    FirstClassPassenger p when p.AirMiles > 35000 => 1500M,
+    FirstClassPassenger p when p.AirMiles > 15000 => 1750M,
+    FirstClassPassenger                           => 2000M, */
+
+    // C# 9 or later syntax
+    FirstClassPassenger p => p.AirMiles switch
+    {
+      > 35000 => 1500M,
+      > 15000 => 1750M,
+      _       => 2000M
+    },
+    BusinessClassPassenger _                      => 1000M,
+    CoachClassPassenger p when p.CarryOnKG < 10.0 => 500M,
+    CoachClassPassenger _                         => 650M,
+    _                                             => 800M
+  };
+  WriteLine($"Flight costs {flightCost:C} for {passenger}");
+}
+
+//ImmutablePerson jeff = new()
+//{
+//  FirstName = "Jeff",
+//  LastName = "Winger"
+//};
+//jeff.FirstName = "Geoff";