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# Welcome to the Intro to Web Dev with .NET series
Make sure you have [Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/features/net-development/) or [Visual Studio for Mac](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/mac/net/), as well as the [.NET 6 SDK](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download).

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# Install Visual Studio
## If you're on Windows
1. Go to the [Develop .NET applications page](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/features/net-development/) of the Visual Studio website
1. Find the "Download Visual Studio with .NET" dropdown and select "Community 2022"
1. Run the exe and let Visual Studio download
1. Wait for everything to install
1. Sign in to Visual Studio
1. Done ✔️
## If you're on Mac
1. Go to the [Build Web Apps using .NET Core page](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/mac/net/) of the Visual Studio website
1. Select the VisualStudioforMacInstaller.dmg to mount the installer, then run it by double-clicking the arrow logo
2. Select **Open**
1. An alert will appear asking you to acknowledge the privacy and license terms. Follow the links to read them, then press **Continue** if you agree
1. The list of available workloads is displayed. Select the .NET Core component.
1. Press **Install**
1. Sign in and choose your keyboard preferences
1. Done ✔️
## Want more help?
If you want more detailed installation instructions, check out the Microsoft Documentation.
* If you're on Windows, go to [Install Visual Studio](https://docs.microsoft.com/visualstudio/install/install-visual-studio?view=vs-2022)
* If you're on Mac, go to [Install Visual Studio for Mac](https://docs.microsoft.com/visualstudio/mac/installation?view=vsmac-2019)
Check out the [Learn to code in Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/getting-started/) page to learn more about the installation process, how to get started with Visual Studio, and how to make it your own with themes! 🤗

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In this C# Crash Course, we'll go over the basics of C# so that you'll be ready to build out exciting web apps! We'll start by going through the key attributes of C#, syntax basics, and introduce you to OOP. In each section, we'll link you to some quick in-browser C# challenges so you can apply these concepts.
## Topics you'll learn
* Language attributes
* Syntax basics
* Object Oriented Programming
@ -10,22 +11,29 @@ In this C# Crash Course, we'll go over the basics of C# so that you'll be ready
---
# Language attributes
C# is a strongly typed, compiled, object oriented language. Let's break this down.
## Strongly typed
In a **strongly typed** language, every variable has a defined type. Some of these types include:
* String, "Hello world!"
* Char, 'a'
* int, 3
* decimal, 1.5
* bool, True
* String, "Hello world!"
* Char, 'a'
* int, 3
* decimal, 1.5
* bool, True
## Compiler
A **compiler** converts the code you write into a format that your computer can understand. After you write C# and build it, the C# compiler (called Roslyn) will analyze your code to check for any errors.
---
# The basics
## 🌍 Hello World
Here's a piece of code that will print "Hello world!" to the console.
```csharp
@ -35,16 +43,20 @@ Console.WriteLine("Hello world!");
```
## Keywords
With C#, you use keywords like `using` and `Console`.
**Keywords** are predefined, reserved identifiers that have special meanings to the compiler.
## Accessing methods
The `. (DOT)` in `Console.WriteLine` allows us to access methods and properties. In this example, `Console` is a type that represents the console window. `WriteLine` is a method of the Console type that prints a line of text to that text console.
## Parameters
In this example, we use parentheses pass a string as a parameter to `Console.WriteLine`.
## 🚨 Challenge 1
Time for your first challenge!
| # | Challenge | Solution | Duration | What you will learn | More information |
@ -52,40 +64,55 @@ Time for your first challenge!
1 | [Hello World Challenge](https://docs.microsoft.com/learn/modules/csharp-write-first/2-exercise-hello-world/?ns-enrollment-type=learningpath&ns-enrollment-id=learn.languages.csharp-first-steps)| N/A | 3 min | case sensitive, strings, comments | [Intro to C# Tutorial](https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/csharp/tour-of-csharp/tutorials/hello-world?WT.mc_id=csharpnotebook-35129-website), [C# documentation](https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/csharp/) |
## Variables
In C#, **variables** allow you to temporarily store a value in memory. In C#, you must declare a variable before using it.
```csharp
var cSharp = "really cool";
```
In this example, we created a string called `cSharp`. You can use the var keyword to declare local variables without explicitly giving them a type.
Variable names can contain alphanumeric characters and underscores, but no special characters. They also cannot be keywords.
## 🚨 Challenge 2
| # | Challenge | Solution | Duration | What you will learn | More information |
|-| ------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ----------- | -------------------------------------- | - |
2 | [Variables Challenge](https://docs.microsoft.com/learn/modules/csharp-literals-variables/6-challenge )|[Solution](https://docs.microsoft.com/learn/modules/csharp-literals-variables/7-solution)| 5 min | variables, data types, strings, ints, decimals | [String formatting tutorial](https://docs.microsoft.com/learn/modules/csharp-basic-formatting/), [C# documentation](https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/csharp/) |
# Syntax cheat sheet
## Semicolons
Every statement is ended by a semicolon
```csharp
Console.WriteLine("there is a ';' at the end of this statement");
```
## Comments
You can make comments by using 2 slashes
```csharp
// this is a comment is C#
```
## Case sensitive
C# is case sensitive! For example, a variable "cat" is completely different from a variable "CAT".
```csharp
var cat = "meow";
```
```csharp
var CAT = "rawr";
```
```csharp
var cat = "meow";
```
```csharp
var CAT = "rawr";
```
## Arithmetic Operators
These are probably familiar to you!
| symbol | what it does |
| --- | ------ |
@ -98,26 +125,30 @@ Variable names can contain alphanumeric characters and underscores, but no speci
| -- | decrement |
## 🚨 Challenge 3
| # | Challenge | Solution | Duration | What you will learn | More information |
|-| ------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ----------- | -------------------------------------- | - |
3 | [Operating on numbers challenge](https://docs.microsoft.com/learn/modules/csharp-basic-operations/5-challenge)|[Solution](https://docs.microsoft.com/learn/modules/csharp-basic-operations/6-solution)| 2 min | ints, decimals | [Number operations tutorial](https://docs.microsoft.com/learn/modules/csharp-basic-operations/), [C# documentation](https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/csharp/) |
## Decision logic
In C#, you can build applications that employ decision-making logic so that your application performs different instructions based on a set of conditions. One way we do this is with an `if` statement. `if` statements are made up of three parts:
* The if keyword
* A Boolean expression between parenthesis ()
* A code block defined by curly braces { }
If there are multiple condition, you can utilize the `else if` and `else` statements. Basically, if the `if` statement fails, these other statements allow you to test against other conditions.
You can imagine this in the context of a rock⛰-paper📃-scissors✂ game. Imagine you chose rock⛰.
* `if` your opponent chooses scissors✂, then you will win
* `else if` your opponent also chooses rock⛰, then you will tie
* `else` your opponent chooses paper📃, then you will lose
Each possible decision your opponent could make leads to a different outcome.
## Boolean expressions
Booleans are expressions that return either `true` or `false`. They are often used to compare two or more things.
| symbol | what it does |
| --- | ---------- |
@ -129,6 +160,7 @@ Each possible decision your opponent could make leads to a different outcome.
| != | not equal |
## 🚨 Challenge 4
| # | Challenge | Solution | Duration | What you will learn | More information |
|-| ------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ----------- | -------------------------------------- | - |
4 | [Decision logic challenge](https://docs.microsoft.com/learn/modules/csharp-if-elseif-else/4-challenge)|[Solution](https://docs.microsoft.com/learn/modules/csharp-if-elseif-else/5-solution)| 2 min | if, else if, else, booleans | [Boolean expressions tutorial](https://docs.microsoft.com/learn/modules/csharp-evaluate-boolean-expressions/1-introduction), [C# documentation](https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/csharp/) |
@ -136,11 +168,13 @@ Each possible decision your opponent could make leads to a different outcome.
---
# Object Oriented Programming
C# is an object-oriented language.
Objects are defined by **Classes**. In other words, an **Object** is an instance of a class.
One way to think about this is that a class is like the blue prints for a house. The actual house that is built is an objects because it is an instance of this blue print.
## Properties and methods
Objects inherently have attributes. In C# we call these **properties**. The attributes of a house may be the number of doors, what color the house is painted, etc.
We can also define **methods** which describe what an object can do. For example, you can sell your house.
@ -152,6 +186,7 @@ The Properties of a house could be the number of doors it has or the color it's
A Method of our class is that we can sell our house 💸
Let's look at an example House class:
```csharp
// The namespace declaration provides a way to logically organize your classes
namespace Classes;
@ -168,7 +203,9 @@ public class House
}
}
```
## Constructor
We can define a **constructor** to allow us to create new House objects.
```csharp
@ -178,7 +215,9 @@ public House(string address, int squareFeet)
this.Size = squareFeet;
}
```
When we create an object with `new` this constructor will be called.
```csharp
using Classes;
@ -187,18 +226,19 @@ var house = new House("123 Candy Cane Lane", 1500);
```
## The .NET Class Library
C# also has built in classes and functionality within the .NET Class Library. The .NET Class Library is a collection of thousands of classes containing tens of thousands of methods. These methods are created by Microsoft and are available for use in your applications. For example, when we called `Console.WriteLine` earlier, we were calling a method from the `System.Console` class. For a more in-depth overview, you can read up on the .NET Class Library in the [.NET documentation](https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/standard/class-library-overview).
## 🚨 Challenge 5
| # | Challenge | Solution | Duration | What you will learn | More information |
|-| ------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ----------- | -------------------------------------- | - |
5 | [.NET Class Library challenge](https://docs.microsoft.com/learn/modules/csharp-call-methods/5-challenge)|[Solution](https://docs.microsoft.com/learn/modules/csharp-call-methods/6-solution)| 2 min | ints, decimals | [.NET documentation](https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/standard/class-library-overview), [C# documentation](https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/csharp/) |
# Bonus and more ways to connect
Want more practice with C#? The .NET team has you covered. Here's a few learning resources:
* C# Video Series on [Microsoft Docs](https://docs.microsoft.com/shows/CSharp-101/?WT.mc_id=dotnet-35129-website) or [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5JS36NlJiU)
* Self Guided Tutorials on [Microsoft Learn](https://docs.microsoft.com/users/dotnet/collections/yz26f8y64n7k07)
* [Learn to Code Page](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/learntocode)

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## Intro to Web Development with .NET
// coming soon
Welcome to the Intro to Web Development with .NET GitHub repository!
Here, you'll find all of the projects and challenges associated with each email in the email series. Each email will have a dedicated folder containing all the relevant information for that week.
We are currently in the planning stages of this series!
## .NET Foundation