using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Distributed;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using System;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
#if WPF
using System.Windows.Media;
#elif UWP
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media;
#elif WINUI
using Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Media;
#endif

namespace MapControl
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Loads and optionally caches map tile images for a MapTileLayer.
    /// </summary>
    public interface ITileImageLoader
    {
        void LoadTiles(IEnumerable<Tile> tiles, TileSource tileSource, string cacheName, IProgress<double> progress);

        void CancelLoadTiles();
    }

    public partial class TileImageLoader : ITileImageLoader
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Default folder path where a persistent cache implementation may save data, i.e. "C:\ProgramData\MapControl\TileCache".
        /// </summary>
        public static string DefaultCacheFolder =>
#if UWP
            Path.Combine(Windows.Storage.ApplicationData.Current.LocalCacheFolder.Path, "TileCache");
#else
            Path.Combine(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.CommonApplicationData), "MapControl", "TileCache");
#endif
        /// <summary>
        /// An IDistributedCache implementation used to cache tile images.
        /// The default value is a MemoryDistributedCache instance.
        /// </summary>
        public static IDistributedCache Cache { get; set; } = new MemoryDistributedCache(Options.Create(new MemoryDistributedCacheOptions()));

        /// <summary>
        /// Default expiration time for cached tile images. Used when no expiration time
        /// was transmitted on download. The default value is one day.
        /// </summary>
        public static TimeSpan DefaultCacheExpiration { get; set; } = TimeSpan.FromDays(1);

        /// <summary>
        /// Minimum expiration time for cached tile images. A transmitted expiration time
        /// that falls below this value is ignored. The default value is TimeSpan.Zero.
        /// </summary>
        public static TimeSpan MinCacheExpiration { get; set; } = TimeSpan.Zero;

        /// <summary>
        /// Maximum expiration time for cached tile images. A transmitted expiration time
        /// that exceeds this value is ignored. The default value is ten days.
        /// </summary>
        public static TimeSpan MaxCacheExpiration { get; set; } = TimeSpan.FromDays(10);

        /// <summary>
        /// Maximum number of parallel tile loading tasks. The default value is 4.
        /// </summary>
        public static int MaxLoadTasks { get; set; } = 4;

        private static ILogger logger;
        private static ILogger Logger => logger ?? (logger = ImageLoader.LoggerFactory?.CreateLogger<TileImageLoader>());

        private readonly ConcurrentStack<Tile> tileStack = new ConcurrentStack<Tile>();
        private int tileCount;
        private int taskCount;

        /// <summary>
        /// Loads all pending tiles from the tiles collection. Tile image caching is enabled when the Cache
        /// property is not null and tileSource.UriFormat starts with "http" and cacheName is a non-empty string.
        /// </summary>
        public void LoadTiles(IEnumerable<Tile> tiles, TileSource tileSource, string cacheName, IProgress<double> progress)
        {
            if (Cache == null || tileSource.UriTemplate == null || !tileSource.UriTemplate.StartsWith("http"))
            {
                cacheName = null; // disable caching
            }

            var currentTiles = tiles.Where(tile => tile.IsPending).Reverse().ToArray();

            tileStack.Clear();
            tileStack.PushRange(currentTiles);
            tileCount = currentTiles.Length;

            var maxTasks = Math.Min(tileCount, MaxLoadTasks);

            while (taskCount < maxTasks)
            {
                Interlocked.Increment(ref taskCount);
                Logger?.LogTrace("Task count: {count}", taskCount);

                _ = Task.Run(async () =>
                {
                    await LoadTilesFromStack(tileSource, cacheName, progress).ConfigureAwait(false);

                    Interlocked.Decrement(ref taskCount);
                    Logger?.LogTrace("Task count: {count}", taskCount);
                });
            }
        }

        public void CancelLoadTiles()
        {
            tileStack.Clear();
        }

        private async Task LoadTilesFromStack(TileSource tileSource, string cacheName, IProgress<double> progress)
        {
            while (tileStack.TryPop(out var tile))
            {
                tile.IsPending = false;

                var tilesLoaded = tileCount - tileStack.Count;

                progress?.Report((double)tilesLoaded / tileCount);

                Logger?.LogTrace("[{thread}] Loading tile {loaded} of {count}: {zoom}/{column}/{row}",
                    Environment.CurrentManagedThreadId, tilesLoaded, tileCount, tile.ZoomLevel, tile.Column, tile.Row);

                try
                {
                    await LoadTileImage(tile, tileSource, cacheName).ConfigureAwait(false);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    Logger?.LogError(ex, "Failed loading tile {zoom}/{column}/{row}", tile.ZoomLevel, tile.Column, tile.Row);
                }
            }
        }

        private static async Task LoadTileImage(Tile tile, TileSource tileSource, string cacheName)
        {
            // Pass tileSource.LoadImageAsync calls to platform-specific method
            // LoadTileImage(Tile, Func<Task<ImageSource>>) for execution on the UI thread in WinUI and UWP.

            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(cacheName))
            {
                Task<ImageSource> LoadImage() => tileSource.LoadImageAsync(tile.Column, tile.Row, tile.ZoomLevel);

                await LoadTileImage(tile, LoadImage).ConfigureAwait(false);
            }
            else
            {
                var uri = tileSource.GetUri(tile.Column, tile.Row, tile.ZoomLevel);

                if (uri != null)
                {
                    var buffer = await LoadCachedBuffer(tile, uri, cacheName).ConfigureAwait(false);

                    if (buffer != null && buffer.Length > 0)
                    {
                        Task<ImageSource> LoadImage() => tileSource.LoadImageAsync(buffer);

                        await LoadTileImage(tile, LoadImage).ConfigureAwait(false);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private static async Task<byte[]> LoadCachedBuffer(Tile tile, Uri uri, string cacheName)
        {
            byte[] buffer = null;

            var extension = Path.GetExtension(uri.LocalPath);

            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(extension) || extension.Equals(".jpeg", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            {
                extension = ".jpg";
            }

            var cacheKey = $"{cacheName}/{tile.ZoomLevel}/{tile.Column}/{tile.Row}{extension}";

            try
            {
                buffer = await Cache.GetAsync(cacheKey).ConfigureAwait(false);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Logger?.LogError(ex, "Cache.GetAsync({cacheKey})", cacheKey);
            }

            if (buffer == null)
            {
                var response = await ImageLoader.GetHttpResponseAsync(uri).ConfigureAwait(false);

                if (response != null)
                {
                    buffer = response.Buffer ?? Array.Empty<byte>(); // cache even if null, when no tile available

                    try
                    {
                        var options = new DistributedCacheEntryOptions
                        {
                            AbsoluteExpirationRelativeToNow =
                                !response.MaxAge.HasValue ? DefaultCacheExpiration
                                : response.MaxAge.Value < MinCacheExpiration ? MinCacheExpiration
                                : response.MaxAge.Value > MaxCacheExpiration ? MaxCacheExpiration
                                : response.MaxAge.Value
                        };

                        await Cache.SetAsync(cacheKey, buffer, options).ConfigureAwait(false);
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        Logger?.LogError(ex, "Cache.SetAsync({cacheKey})", cacheKey);
                    }
                }
            }

            return buffer;
        }
    }
}